The Kremlin said in a statement that the two leaders had a "detailed and frank exchange of views" on Ukraine during a phone call in which Putin had said that a resolution of the conflict must be "comprehensive, sustainable and long-term," taking into account Russia's own security interests and the root causes of the war.
The two leaders discussed a US proposal for a 30-day ceasefire, to which Ukraine agreed last week.
The Kremlin said Putin had raised "significant points" about monitoring such a truce and preventing it from being used by Ukraine to mobilise more soldiers and rearm itself.
"It was emphasised that the key condition for preventing the escalation of the conflict and working towards its resolution by political and diplomatic means should be a complete cessation of foreign military assistance and the provision of intelligence information to Kyiv," the Kremlin said.
Trump and Putin agreed in the call on Tuesday that the war between Russia and Ukraine needed to end with a "lasting peace" and talks to achieve that goal will begin immediately, the White House said.
"The leaders agreed that the movement to peace will begin with an energy and infrastructure ceasefire, as well as technical negotiations on implementation of a maritime ceasefire in the Black Sea, full ceasefire and permanent peace," the White House said in a statement about the call.
"These negotiations will begin immediately in the Middle East."
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy had previously accused Putin of deliberately prolonging the war.
He has said the sovereignty of his country is not negotiable and that Russia must surrender the territory it has seized.
Russian forces took control of the Crimea peninsula from Ukraine in 2014 and seized most of four eastern Ukrainian regions following its invasion in February 2022.
It controls about a fifth of Ukrainian territory.
Putin said he sent troops into Ukraine because the NATO military alliance's creeping expansion threatened Russia's security.
He has demanded Ukraine drop its ambition of joining NATO.
