Bird flu found in Falkland Islands, 35 penguins dead

The Falkland Islands government told Reuters that many more gentoos were dying under similar circumstances. As of Tuesday, "There are over 200 chicks dead alongside a handful of adults", said government spokeswoman Sally Heathman.

The deaths confirm that gentoo penguins are susceptible to the lethal disease that has decimated bird populations across the world in recent months. However, gentoos rarely travel between the Falklands off Argentina's coast and the Antarctic Peninsula, which lies some 1300km to the south.

That means travelling penguins are unlikely to drive the spread to the southern continent, said Vanstreels, a researcher affiliated with University of California-Davis.

"The role that gentoo penguins could have, instead, is to serve as local reservoirs of infection," he said.

"That is, maintain a pool of susceptible hosts that never leaves the islands."

Heathman said the Falkland Islands government was also awaiting test results from rockhopper penguins and "preparing for a large-scale outbreak."

In nearby South Georgia, researchers found a suspected case of bird flu in king penguins. Scientists are waiting for test results to confirm the presence of H5N1, Vanstreels said.

Hundreds of thousands of penguins gather in tightly packed colonies on the Antarctic continent and nearby islands, which could enable the deadly virus to easily jump between individuals.

While penguins may be charismatic, conservationists are more concerned about other species. Elephant seals and fur seals have died in larger numbers from bird flu in South Georgia, following mass casualties in those species in South America.

"This is especially concerning because South Georgia is home to 95 per cent of the world's population of Antarctic fur seals. If that population collapses, the species will be in a critical situation," Vanstreels said.