The US president will impose this and other global levies from midnight US time (later Thursday AEDT) after laying down his plan at the White House, as part of his so-called "Liberation Day".
"Australians ... they're wonderful people, wonderful everything, but they ban American beef," he said.
"Yet we imported $US3 billion of Australian beef from them just last year alone.
"They won't take any of our beef, they don't want it because they don't want it to affect their farmers."
Mr Trump, who will sign an executive order later on Thursday, said the tariff rates would vary depending on the country.
Most were above 25 per cent, and at least one was 60 per cent (South Africa).
However, Australia's rate will be 10 per cent, which is in line with the baseline announced by Mr Trump for this round and a better outcome than expected.
Beef farmer Phillip Rattray has been anticipating higher returns on his products, but the US decision made halfway across the world could change his fortunes.
Mr Rattray's farm in northeast Tasmania is three times larger than the next beef producer, and he offloads about 4000 cattle to multinational beef processor JBS Swift every year to export overseas.
The latest round of tariffs leaves the grazier extremely concerned.
After stock shortages from Queensland flooding, he had been expecting a 50c/kg increase, equivalent to an extra $150 for a 300kg animal.
"We were looking at a bright future ... as the (beef) prices going into America are very high at the moment but ... these tariffs ... will reduce the price," Mr Rattray told AAP.
Australia faces unknown flow-on effects from the tariffs likely to hit the nation's agriculture sector and pharmaceutical industry.
Australia is already subject to tariffs of 25 per cent on all steel and aluminium sent to the US, which the government has already described as "unfriendly".
"I just can't understand why he's doing it," Mr Rattray said.
The farmer warns tariffs won't just hurt Aussie farmers but also American consumers who purchase massive amounts of brining beef and smallgoods.
"The US are a very big customer because they're in a rebuild phase after drought conditions," he said.
"The people in America will have to pay a lot more money."
Australia exports $3.3 billion of meat and $1.6 billion in pharmaceuticals to the US per year.
The peak body representing red meat producers called for calm.
Australian Meat Industry Council chief executive Tim Ryan said Australian beef producers play a critical role in feeding American consumers as there is a shortfall of meat which won't change overnight.
"The global demand for high-quality Australian red meat continues to grow, and our supply chain is well-positioned to respond to shifts in the international trade landscape," he said.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has not ruled out Australia taking the US to the World Trade Organisation, but has noted the nation's exports to the US represent less than five per cent of its global goods exports.
Business Council chief Bran Black said free and open access to global markets is critical for Australia, given one in every four jobs relies on trade.
"Australia should focus on controlling what is wholly within our power to control, and that means doing everything we can to be an attractive destination for global capital," he said.
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